Friday, May 31, 2019

Against the Death Penalty Essay -- Capital Punishment Human Rights Pap

The Death PenaltyHuman rights ar fundamental rights which every human being is entitled to just because they ar human. The finis punishment is the ultimate, irreversible denial of human rights. It is the cold blooded killing of a human being in the name of justice. In 1948, the United Nations adopted the Universal Declaration of Human Rights in Articles 3 and 5 it states that no one shall be subjected to cruel or degrading penalization and everyone has the right to life and liberty. The death penalty violates both of these fundamental rights. The United Nations Rights Commission (UNHRC) has passed a resolution calling for all nations that continue executions, to intimidate the number of offenses for which the death penalty may be imposed and to susp complete executions with a view towards abolishing the death penalty. While most nations have abolished the death penalty in law or practice, the US is one of few industrialized countries in the world wh ich continues to execute criminals. The US accounts for the highest number of executions 65 people were punish in 2003, bringing a total of 885 prisoners put to death since the US Supreme Court lifted a moratorium on executions in 1976. In the US, the death penalty is often promoted as a way to deter violence and make society safer. Yet, states with the death penalty have consistently had a much(prenominal) higher rate than those without the death penalty. Those who promote abolition of capital punishment often point to the homicide rate as evidence that the death penalty is ineffective. Those who halt the death penalty often point out that the death penalty is badly needed in their sta... ...olations and hold abusers accountable. They challenge governments and those who hold power to end abusive practices and respect international human rights law. Conclusion The death penalty legitimizes an irreversible act of violence by the state, in which many victims are after found innocent. In my opinion, killing a murderer does not bring his victims back to life it achieves nothing but the death of another person. It only serves to attain more victims and continues the cycle of violence. No ones life should be placed under another persons authority nor should anyone have the power to determine whether a person shall die. The US should be protecting their citizens and have other alternative measures, such as life imprisonment to ensure that international laws and human rights are not being violated.

Thursday, May 30, 2019

Colonists Living Among Natives in the New World Essay -- American Amer

Colonists Living Among Natives in the New World When the Europeans invaded the New World in 1492 they brought along their civilisation and way of life. The Europeans were not prepared to encounter a previously developed culture, which was home to the Indians. The negative stereotype of the Indians as viscous savages and barbarians was immediately formed by the Europeans beginning as early as Christopher Columbus discovery of the New World. These negative stereotypes made Europeans believe that Indians were hardly human and believed that no civilized person would train to become an Indian (Axtell, Invasion 302). When in fact the opposite became true. Despite the European view of Indians as savages, there were many English and French colonists who truly chose to live among the Indians. The colonists lived among the Indians when they discovered that the Indians had a more desirable way of life and a very moral society. The colonists also joined the Indian society to fly the corrupt ion of the colonial society and to gain personal freedom with the Indians. This paper focuses primarily on the English and French colonists experiences with Indians of the Northeastern United States. But the Spanish, who were the set-back to arrive at the New World, did spend time living with the Indians as well. One of the most important examples of a Spanish person who lived with the Indians was the discoverer of America, Amerigo Vespucci. Vespucci actually spent some time living and observing the Indian way of life (Washburn 6). He wanted to share in their lives so he overlap their experiences, or as Gerbi world say, he becomes a savage to understand the savages (41). During the time that Vespucci stayed with the Indians, he found the Indian... ...ife and the rejection of the corrupt colonial society led to the bend of colonists who voluntarily spent their lives with the Indians to be quite large and could have been even larger. Had the captives not been compelled to return t o colonial society by militarily enforced two-eyed violet treaties, the ranks of the white Indians would have been greatly enlarged (306). WORKS CITEDAxtell, James. The European and the Indian. New York Oxford University Press, 1981. Axtell, James. The Invasion Within The Contest of Cultures in Colonial North America. New York Oxford University Press, 1985.Gerbi, Antonello. nature in the New World. Pittsburgh U of Pittsburgh Press, 1975.Rosenstiel, Annette. Red & White Indian Views of the White Man. New York Universe Books, 1983.Washburn, Wilcomb E., ed. The Indian and the White Man. New York Anchor Books, 1964.

Wednesday, May 29, 2019

Essay --

In Aristotles definition of a tragic hero, a tragic hero must be superior to the average person in some way. They must evoke pity, and do so by creation imperfect, and having a tragic flaw. In The Crucible, by Arthur Miller, John Proctor is portrayed as the tragic hero. It may appear that Proctors tragic flaw is passion, due to his affair with Abigail. But lust does not explain Johns refusal to become involved in the trials before his wife was accused when he knew that Abigail was lying. It makes more sense that his flaw would be selfishness. It gives a better explanation for his demise and his lechery. It was not the act of adultery, but his reluctance to admit to it and accuse Abigail of being a fraud that chip in to him abeyance from the gallows. Proctor knows that the only reason Abigail accuses his wife of witchcraft is because she takes her out of the picture. And even when Elizabeth pleads with John to go and tell the court he refuses because there is no substantiation. From the start of the find John places a great importance on his reputation and the fact that he cannot live without his name. It is clear that John does not want to accuse Abigail of witchcraft. If he does so he runs some risks she is considered a saint and accusing her could make him look bad and soil his name, and accusing her could also lead to his lechery being made public, again soiling his name. But his silence means that innocent men and women will hang. This quiet act of supreme selfishness is where the outcome of the play is really decided Johns fate sealed. enchantment Proctor certainly was a flawed man, the events in The Crucible eventually lead to him recognizing and overcoming his selfishness. The rootage key example of Proctor acting in a selfless manor is ... ...ide as well. Proctor is the good guy, and is sentenced to death, hung for his crime of defending his wife. In addition to this, Proctor is sent to his death willingly after choosing to die rather than rui n the names of the others that were accused. But the real crime that he is being punished for is giving into his lust and having an affair with Abigail. Everybody makes mistakes and has a moment of weakness now and again. Its hard to not feel at least a small amount of pity for him even if you dislike him. While Proctor is not always the most likable, he has all the characteristics of a tragic hero. While selfish and undoubtedly not perfect, he is a respected man. His selfishness is his tragic flaw, which leads to his eventual death, but on the way down he realizes his own flaws. In an act of courage, John Proctor goes to the gallows with his good name and honor.

Essay --

Aliza LichyMs. HoffAmerican Government1/15/2014The Importance of a Strong midst ClassHaving a strong in-between crystallise indicates that Americas democracy lead be effervescent and its economy will be beneficial, which will lead to the notion of precisely what America is all about. The setback is that the weakness of Americas middle class not only harms those affected by it, but all other individuals living in the U.S as well. Americas incomes are deteriorating or weakening, while items necessary to live increase in cost, and the probabilities of falling behind are beginning to develop. It is important that the gap between the upper class and the pooh-pooh class is condensed, this way a strong middle class will be emitted. The modern persona of middle class citizens in America derives from the post World War II era. In 1944, the GI Bill was created to provide returning veterans with money to cover college, business, and home mortgages. This money gave servicemen the opportunit y to afford a home of their own for the first time ever so resulting in the vast proliferation of residential construction. This was how American subdivision commenced (Suddath). The fault in the subdivision initiated when the strong gap between the upper class and the lower class formed due to income inequality, race and sex disparities, education, and technology. The American government is working to rejuvenate the middle class and shorten the gap between the upper and lower class. In 2012, Vice President Joe Biden stated, Americas middle class is hurting, it is our charge to get the middle class the backbone of this country up and running again (A Strong n.d.). The revitalization of Americas middle class is possible. In order to do so, the costs ... ...ny other ways that income is received consistently. Race and gender disparities are also a cause of the gap. The gender net gap in America as well as the Gender Wage cracking are other names for the difference in a male and females income year round. This information is gathered and used by economists and federal agencies as dissolve of the current population survey. In 2010 the median income of year round workers was $42,800 for men, compared to $34,700 for women. The ratio of money earned was 0.81, reaching a somewhat higher ratio than that of 2008. The female-to-male earnings ratio of 0.81 means that, in 2009, female FTYR workers earned 19% less than male FTYR workers. The determination of the difference in income does not include the experience, education, skill, qualification, and more of the males and females as long as its full time (Income inequality).

Tuesday, May 28, 2019

The Idealization of Science in Sinclair Lewis Arrowsmith Essay

The Idealization of Science in Sinclair Lewis ArrowsmithSinclair Lewiss 1924 novel Arrowsmith follows a pair of bacteriologists, Martin Arrowsmith and his mentor Max Gottlieb, as they give out through various professions in science and medicine in the azoic decades of the twentieth century. Through the brilliant searcher Gottlieb and his protg, Lewis explores the status and role of scientific work at universities, in industry, and at a private query foundation as well as in various medical positions. The insure he presents is one of tightness and conflict between the goals and ideals of pure science and the environments in which his protagonists have to operate. Although Gottlieb and Arrowsmith are able to pursue their research in almost places, their work is continually hinder and undermined. The conclusion of the novel seems to suggest that it is essentially impossible to truly practice pure scientific research in early twentieth century America. It is merely when Arrowsmi th abandons his family and his job, cuts his ties with the world and retreats into a sort of scientific monastery with his compatriot Terry Wickett that he is able to feel as if he were really starting to work.1Many of the tensions that appear in Arrowsmith reflect actual debates and conflicts in the real world. The debate over whether universities should be dedicated primarily to teaching or to research (and whether that research should be practical(a) or abstract) was important in the development of modern colleges and universities. There was a great deal of argument over the virtues of research laboratories in industry, and over how lots control companies should exert over the scientists working in their labs and over the direction of their ... ...an University, 178.12. Lewis, Arrowsmith, 136.13. Ibid., 280.14. unmannerly Jewett qtd. in Kevles, The Physicists, 100.15. George Wise, Ionists in Industry forcible Chemistry at everyday Electric, 1900 - 1915, Isis 74 (1983), 7.16. Kevles, The Physicists, 99 - 100.17. Ibid., 100.18. David Noble, America By Design Science, Technology and the Rise of Corporate Capitalism (Oxford Oxford University Press, 1977), 112. Brackets as in the original.19. Bruce, The instauration of Modern American Science, 141.20. Frank Jewett qtd. in Noble, America By Design , 115. Ellipses as in the original.21. Kevles, The Physicists, 25.22. A. G. Bell & Hubbard qtd. in Ibid., 47.23. Noble, America By Design, 112. Italics as in the original.24. Lewis, Arrowsmith, 138.25. Ibid., 409.26. Hermann van Holst qtd. in Veysey, The effect of the American University, 150. The Idealization of Science in Sinclair Lewis Arrowsmith EssayThe Idealization of Science in Sinclair Lewis ArrowsmithSinclair Lewiss 1924 novel Arrowsmith follows a pair of bacteriologists, Martin Arrowsmith and his mentor Max Gottlieb, as they travel through various professions in science and medicine in the early decades of the twentieth century. Through t he brilliant researcher Gottlieb and his protg, Lewis explores the status and role of scientific work at universities, in industry, and at a private research foundation as well as in various medical positions. The picture he presents is one of tension and conflict between the goals and ideals of pure science and the environments in which his protagonists have to operate. Although Gottlieb and Arrowsmith are able to pursue their research in some places, their work is continually obstructed and undermined. The conclusion of the novel seems to suggest that it is essentially impossible to truly practice pure scientific research in early twentieth century America. It is only when Arrowsmith abandons his family and his job, cuts his ties with the world and retreats into a sort of scientific monastery with his compatriot Terry Wickett that he is able to feel as if he were really starting to work.1Many of the tensions that appear in Arrowsmith reflect actual debates and conflicts in the rea l world. The debate over whether universities should be dedicated primarily to teaching or to research (and whether that research should be practical or abstract) was important in the development of modern colleges and universities. There was a great deal of argument over the virtues of research laboratories in industry, and over how much control companies should exert over the scientists working in their labs and over the direction of their ... ...an University, 178.12. Lewis, Arrowsmith, 136.13. Ibid., 280.14. Frank Jewett qtd. in Kevles, The Physicists, 100.15. George Wise, Ionists in Industry Physical Chemistry at General Electric, 1900 - 1915, Isis 74 (1983), 7.16. Kevles, The Physicists, 99 - 100.17. Ibid., 100.18. David Noble, America By Design Science, Technology and the Rise of Corporate Capitalism (Oxford Oxford University Press, 1977), 112. Brackets as in the original.19. Bruce, The Launching of Modern American Science, 141.20. Frank Jewett qtd. in Noble, America By Desi gn , 115. Ellipses as in the original.21. Kevles, The Physicists, 25.22. A. G. Bell & Hubbard qtd. in Ibid., 47.23. Noble, America By Design, 112. Italics as in the original.24. Lewis, Arrowsmith, 138.25. Ibid., 409.26. Hermann van Holst qtd. in Veysey, The Emergence of the American University, 150.

The Idealization of Science in Sinclair Lewis Arrowsmith Essay

The I extendization of Science in Sinclair Lewis ArrowsmithSinclair Lewiss 1924 refreshful Arrowsmith follows a pair of bacteriologists, Martin Arrowsmith and his mentor Max Gottlieb, as they travel through various professions in science and medicine in the early decades of the twentieth century. with the brilliant researcher Gottlieb and his protg, Lewis explores the status and role of scientific work at universities, in industry, and at a private research foundation as well as in various medical positions. The picture he presents is one of tension and conflict between the goals and ideals of pure science and the environments in which his protagonists get to operate. Although Gottlieb and Arrowsmith are able to watch their research in some places, their work is continually obstructed and undermined. The conclusion of the novel seems to suggest that it is essentially impossible to real practice pure scientific research in early twentieth century the States. It is only when Arro wsmith abandons his family and his job, cuts his ties with the world and retreats into a sort of scientific monastery with his compatriot Terry Wickett that he is able to feel as if he were really starting to work.1Many of the tensions that appear in Arrowsmith reflect actual debates and conflicts in the real world. The debate everyplace whether universities should be dedicated earlier to teaching or to research (and whether that research should be practical or abstract) was important in the development of modern colleges and universities. there was a great deal of argument all over the virtues of research laboratories in industry, and over how much control companies should exert over the scientists working in their labs and over the direction of their ... ...an University, 178.12. Lewis, Arrowsmith, 136.13. Ibid., 280.14. Frank Jewett qtd. in Kevles, The Physicists, 100.15. George Wise, Ionists in Industry Physical Chemistry at General Electric, 1900 - 1915, Isis 74 (1983), 7. 16. Kevles, The Physicists, 99 - 100.17. Ibid., 100.18. David Noble, America By Design Science, technology and the Rise of Corporate capitalism (Oxford Oxford University Press, 1977), 112. Brackets as in the original.19. Bruce, The Launching of Modern American Science, 141.20. Frank Jewett qtd. in Noble, America By Design , 115. Ellipses as in the original.21. Kevles, The Physicists, 25.22. A. G. Bell & Hubbard qtd. in Ibid., 47.23. Noble, America By Design, 112. Italics as in the original.24. Lewis, Arrowsmith, 138.25. Ibid., 409.26. Hermann van Holst qtd. in Veysey, The Emergence of the American University, 150. The Idealization of Science in Sinclair Lewis Arrowsmith EssayThe Idealization of Science in Sinclair Lewis ArrowsmithSinclair Lewiss 1924 novel Arrowsmith follows a pair of bacteriologists, Martin Arrowsmith and his mentor Max Gottlieb, as they travel through various professions in science and medicine in the early decades of the twentieth century. Throug h the brilliant researcher Gottlieb and his protg, Lewis explores the status and role of scientific work at universities, in industry, and at a private research foundation as well as in various medical positions. The picture he presents is one of tension and conflict between the goals and ideals of pure science and the environments in which his protagonists have to operate. Although Gottlieb and Arrowsmith are able to pursue their research in some places, their work is continually obstructed and undermined. The conclusion of the novel seems to suggest that it is essentially impossible to truly practice pure scientific research in early twentieth century America. It is only when Arrowsmith abandons his family and his job, cuts his ties with the world and retreats into a sort of scientific monastery with his compatriot Terry Wickett that he is able to feel as if he were really starting to work.1Many of the tensions that appear in Arrowsmith reflect actual debates and conflicts in the real world. The debate over whether universities should be dedicated primarily to teaching or to research (and whether that research should be practical or abstract) was important in the development of modern colleges and universities. There was a great deal of argument over the virtues of research laboratories in industry, and over how much control companies should exert over the scientists working in their labs and over the direction of their ... ...an University, 178.12. Lewis, Arrowsmith, 136.13. Ibid., 280.14. Frank Jewett qtd. in Kevles, The Physicists, 100.15. George Wise, Ionists in Industry Physical Chemistry at General Electric, 1900 - 1915, Isis 74 (1983), 7.16. Kevles, The Physicists, 99 - 100.17. Ibid., 100.18. David Noble, America By Design Science, Technology and the Rise of Corporate Capitalism (Oxford Oxford University Press, 1977), 112. Brackets as in the original.19. Bruce, The Launching of Modern American Science, 141.20. Frank Jewett qtd. in Noble, America By D esign , 115. Ellipses as in the original.21. Kevles, The Physicists, 25.22. A. G. Bell & Hubbard qtd. in Ibid., 47.23. Noble, America By Design, 112. Italics as in the original.24. Lewis, Arrowsmith, 138.25. Ibid., 409.26. Hermann van Holst qtd. in Veysey, The Emergence of the American University, 150.

Monday, May 27, 2019

Card Game Essay

The get word was commenced inside the Computer Shop at Dasmarinas, Cavite. After we discussed our first topic we planned to come up with a Card grainy as our second topic for the sake of our thesis project in Softw are Engineer Subject. We picked Card Game as our second topic because we know that its more challenging rather than hunting round companies around Dasmarinas. Some of the reasons why we picked Card Game as our second topic are because in this topic we own our time performing the codes of the program any time before the day of our defence without such pressure.Statement of the Problem From some of the research and data we gathered. We found a few application and websites that is running a similar online lame like our propose topic. From what weve seen some major puzzle that they have is that the coarse-grained is not quite user friendly. Its difficult to use the control. Because of the lack of visual control buttons. There is also limitation on how many game can it a ccommodates at the same time.Of course keeping the gamers idle for so long they might lose interest in the game Research Objectives The Objectives of this research is to develop a game that will be entertaining and at the same time, a game that will be educational that may enhance thinking and decision-making skill in the following ways * To make unique cards in the game that will allow variety show for the players to think of their own strategy.* To ensure that players will have no advantage against to each one other by making cards balance. * To allow multiplayer (online) for players to play against each other in different parts of the world. Significance of the Study Cardfight vanguard is a trading card game there are also flock who wants to experience playing this game but doesnt have the luxury of buying the needed cards and also looking for lot to play with.Since people now are more often browsing the internet people who want to play Vanguard can play the game without buyi ng the needed cards needed and having to worry of looking for someone to play with. Conceptual Framework * PHP Hypertext Preprocessor. * Randomized * Easy access * Less hassle Electronic vocation Card Game The model above explains on what and how will be the process of the study. Trading Card Game is a game played victimization specially designed sets of playing cards.While trading cards have been around for longer, TCGs (Trading Card Games) combine the appeal of collecting with strategicgameplay, but in our study we will do it in a different way by using PHP Hypertext Pre-processor as our scripting language for this study and for our main function for this logical game is the random() function. The researchers will assure an easy access program for the user and it lessens hassle because rather than accepting your deck of cards using your bare hands, just bring your portable computer and start playing the game on your most comfortable place.

Sunday, May 26, 2019

Adu E-learning system Essay

IntroductionIn todays modern society, computing machine has become a way of life especially by fashion of parley. Mostly, people nowadays have their own internet connection so they dejection freely use the internet. There are many websites site that focuses on facilitating the building of social networks or social relations among people who, for example, share interests, activities, backgrounds, or real-life connections, these websites are manytimes we call Social Networking-Sites,most famous example of this are facebook and twitter Most social network services are web-based and provide means for users to interact over the Internet. There are kinds of social networking sites that was used for educational purposes in Schools, Colleges and Universities,these are what we call LMS(Learning Management carcass) or E-learning System,it enable students to learn anytime and anywhere and discharge be withal used in terms communication, with the use of internet.Example of this was our own Adamson University E-learning System that enables us to see the announcements, updates of our school events, lessons(updated by some of our professor), see grades online and other things. It also serves us as a communication for the professors and students or students to students because we derriere send messages, we can chat in room section.professors can give assignments and We,students can pass assignments online. In this study, We hope that we can see the effect of AdU E-learning System in terms of communication with students and professors because nowadays We, researchers see and also experienced the usage of Also E-learning System and many Adamsonian students often use it in terms of communication purposes.Statement of the ProblemMajor ProblemsWhat are the personal effects of Adu E-learning system in the communication of students and professors. Minor Problems1.Demographic Profile of respondents in terms ofa.Ageb.Coursec.Often usage of E-Leaning Systemd.Time Spent in usi ng E-Learning System2.What are the effects of Adu E-learning system in the communication of students and professors in terms of?a.Study lessonsb.Reminders of school eventsc.Announcement of gradesScopes and Limitation of the studyIn general, the focus of this study is directed towards learning of effects of AdU E-learning System in terms of communication with students and professors and for Adamsonian College Students who uses E-Learning System for communication purposes.Significance of the studyAdamson University College Students. In this study, students can benefit a lot on this study for they can learn the effects of E-learning System in terms of Communication of students and professors. Know the Importance of AdU E-learning System.Lesson/UpdatesResearchers. The researches have developed their writing and analysis skills needed to make a good thesisDefinition of termsLMS (Learning Management System)-systems that enable students to learn anytime and anywhere and can be also used in terms communication by the use of internet.

Saturday, May 25, 2019

Organizational behavior Essay

1. Give examples of behaviors that provide evidence you possess at least ii of these competencies. Does/will your possession of these competencies contain you a better leader? Explain.An example of the evidence to the increasing reality that as a leader and someone entrusted to do persuasion in the kind of influence I do, I employ emotional competencies as well as insightful strategies. According to Kramer in beyond Max Weber Emotional Intelligence and public leadership, relationships are the DNA of governance which immediately brings to mind the full implication that it binds and runs public offices. I gestate that I have what every leader would covet which is sufficient emotional intelligence. Kramer succinctly points to the American bureaucratic system and the failure to function effectively because the effects of individualism has tragically influenced and impacted peoples ability and interest to build and sustain relationships. The study by Kramer develops on the idea that the relationships mentioned hinge on the emotional competencies of people (Kramer website).2. Identify at least one of these traits you would corresponding to develop. Explain how a higher level of competency in this area could make you a better leader.I would like to develop this area further despite the fact that I somehow know that I have the born(p) ability to feel and understand people and get into their shoes. I need to know that leadership is also more than understanding people it is also stellar(a) them to where they hardly are able to visualize to getting into. That is, helping them to transform their ideas into workable outputs towards individual and group attainments is a leadership trait that is still effortful to achieve by any manager and leader.3. What is your overall opinion of this perspective? Should companies embrace this perspective? If so, what practical steps should they take to put it in formula? How can companies avoid any ethical issues associated with limitations?In Peter Northouse, author of Leadership Theory and Practice observed the revival of an all-encompassing skills-based model of leadership distinguished by a map for how to reach efficient leadership in organizations (Northouse, 2004). He recommended that the classification of specific skills which can be improved by training has an intuitive appeal When leadership is framed as a set of skills, it chokes a process that people can study and practice to become better at their jobs (Northouse, 2004). He also suggests that although the skills-based approach claims not to be a trait model, it includes individual attributes that look a great deal like traits.The act of leadership is also an exercise of moral reasoning. In their book Unmasking Administrative Evil, Guy Adams and Danny Balfour caution against elevating the scientific-analytical mindset higher than all separate forms of rationality. Even as the rise of technical rationality led inevitably to specialized, expert k nowledge, the very life blood of the professional, it also spawned unintended consequences in the areas of ethical motive and ethics as the science-based technical rationality undermined normative judgments and relegated ethical considerations to afterthoughts (Adams & Balfour, 2004).Distinguished scholar Ronald Heifetz on the other hand, developed a rendering of leadership that takes set into account. He maintains that we should look at leadership as more than a means to organizational effectiveness. Efficiency means getting achievable decisions that execute the goals of the organization. This definition has the benefit of being generally applicable, but it provides no real guide to determine the nature or formation of those goals. (Heifetz, 1994). Heifetz went on to say that values much(prenominal) as liberty, equality, human welfare, justice, and community are inculcated with first-rate leaders (Heifetz, 1994). It is a necessity then, the infusion of these principles into the leader and from the leader into the organization.

Friday, May 24, 2019

Square Pharma Ltd

unbent PHARMACEUTICALS LIMITED Mission Our Mission is to produce and provide quality & innovative healthc argon relief for people, maintain stringently ethical themeard in melodic line concern ope symmetryn likewise ensuring benefit to the sh atomic piece 18holders, stakeholders and the society at large. Vision We view communication channel as a doer to the material and social wellorganism of the investors, employees and the society at large, leading to accretion of wealth by means of and through financial and moral gains as a part of the surgical process of the human civilization. ObjectivesOur objectives atomic number 18 to conduct plain business ope proportionalityn based on market mechanism within the legal & social framework with aims to pass water the burster reflected by our slew. Global pharmaceutical patience Overview T he pharmaceutical patience of the world develops and markets medicines prescribed for patients by medical practitioners. The U. S. , U. K and European pharmaceutical companies are the major ones of the industry. The substance number of major pharmaceutical companies worldwide is estimated to be or so 50.The global pharmaceutical industry recorded family hand revenue of $830 billion in 2010 with a healthy growth rate of around 5 to 6 percent. While the pharmaceutical industry in regions same Latin America, Europe and Japan are growing at a steady rate (which is to a greater extent are less equal to that of the over only industry), the develop regions like China and India are recording corresponding growth in double figures. Industry analysts predict that the pharmaceutical market would reach $1. 1 one million million by2015 with the fair(a) growth rate of around 7 percent.Bangladeshs pharmaceutical Industry Overview T he Bangladesh pharmaceutical market in 2004 stood at most US $ 560 million, which was real small when compared to the population base of the country, which currently stood at ab start 140 mill ion. Toput this number on a proper perspective, the total global pharmaceutical barter in 2004 was $430 billion. This is expected to grow at 8. 1% to ab prohibited $530 billion in 2005. However today, the pharmaceutical companies in Bangladesh are one of the fastest growing sectors in the nation.Prior to post- kindling, the Multinational companies utilise to dominate the market more(prenominal)over today this point has been completely reversed. Now approximately 80% of the domestic pharmaceutical need is met by the local companies. In 2010, the total size of the pharma market of Bangladesh was estimated to be USD 100bn with an annual growth rate of about 24. 58%, which has the highest annual growth in the world. With high growth judge and increasing demand for products some(prenominal) locally and overseas Bangladeshs Pharmaceutical Industry is now heading towards self-sufficiency.Eventually pharmaceutical industry got an occasion to post a growth above 20% in 2010. Fig. Grow th Rate in Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Industry SQUARE PHARMACEUTICALS COMPANY PROFILE Comp whatever(prenominal)(prenominal) Name even up Pharmaceuticals Ltd Corporate Headquarters Square Center48, Mohakhali, C/ADhaka- 1212BangladeshPhone + 880 28316323Mobile + 880 01670507907Fax + 880 29348365 Factory Premises Plot 18, chief(prenominal) Road, Section 9Kaliakoir, GazipurPhone +880 2 8924240Fax No +880 2 8316323 Founded January 1, 1958 background knowledge of the Business Manu accompanimenturing and marketing of pharmaceutical drugs Board of film directors Samson H Chowdhury Fo low and Ex- ChairmanSamuel H Chowdhury Managing DirectorTapan Chowdhury Managing Director/ DirectorJahanara Chowdhury DirectorKazi Ha chokeur Rashid DirectorKazi Iqbal Harun Director Number of Employees 400 Associated Bank Janata Bank1, Dilkusha C/ADhaka- 1000 Associated Auditor Andrew Gomes and Co. Authorized Capital 1,000, 000,000 TK Issued and Outstanding Shares 10,000,000 TKBrief Company History S qu are Pharmaceuticals Limited, one of the separate of Square Group, the main flagship of this particular group of companies, is holding the strong leadership ready in the pharmaceutical industry of Bangladesh since 1985 and is now on its apparent movement to sightly a high exertion global player. The gild was founded in 1958 by Samson H. Chowdhury along with three of his friends as a private business cockeyed. It went public in 1991 and is currently listed on the Dhaka Stock Exchange. Square Pharmaceuticals Ltd. the flagship move union, is holding the strong leadership personate in the pharmaceutical industry of Bangladesh since 1985 and it has been continuously in the low position among all national and multinational companies since 1985. Square Pharmaceuticals Ltd. is now on its way to becoming a high carrying out global player. They lined the smart set SQUARE beca apply it was started by four friends and also because it signifies accuracy and perfection meaning qual ity as they committed in manufacturing quality products.Now, that small phoner of 1958 is a publicly listed diversified group of companies employing more than 28,000 people. The current yearly group upset is 616 million USD. In the modern competitive market, SQUARE today is a name non only known in the Pharmaceutical world, but also known as a symbol of quality- based connitty-grittyer product. All these were achiev equal to(p) delinquent to the innovative ideas, tireless efforts, perseverance and dedication with self-confidence of its caution and workforce, which contributed to their successful achievements.Under a dynamic leadership, SQUARE is set to continue its progress globally. OBJECTIVES 1. Finding out the workings working chapiter guidance of the play along by determining the family relationship between the current assets and current liabilities. 2. Discussing citationor, debitor, melodytaking and property management of the company to march whether they are woo- embody-effective in managing these. 3. To identify the financial strengths & weakness of the company with the help of different proportionalitys. 4. Through the displace bread ratio & different lucrativeness ratio, understand the profitability of the company. 5.Evaluating companys performance relating to financial asseveration analysis. SCOPE The management of working detonator helps us to maintain the working great(p) at a satisfactory level by managing the current assets and current liabilities. It also helps to maintain proper balance between profitability, insecurity and liquidity of the business significantly. By managing the working capital, current liabilities are paid in eon. If the firm makes defrayment to its attributeors for defenseless material in judgment of conviction, it can have the availability of raw material regularly, which does not cause any obstacles in production process.Adequate working capital increases stipendiary capacity of the busin ess but the excess working capital causes more scrutinise, increases the possibility of delay in realization of debts. On the other(a) hand, absence of seemly working capital leads to decrease in return on investment. The good leave of the firm is also adversely affected cod to the inability to pay current liabilities in time. Hence, the management of working capital helps to manage all the factors affecting the working capital in the most profit commensurate manner. MethodologyPrimary data order- We did not use any primary data hive upion method such as taking interviews of scoreice personnel. Secondary data accretion- For this address we have collected our data mainly from the annual report. We have conducted the report based on 6 years financial report of Square Pharmaceuticals from 2005 to 2010. In our report we placeed working capital management under which we showed convictionor, debtor, inventory and capital management. We also took data from different websites a s well as our text book for relevant information. Company OrganogramThe overall management and superintendence of the company is vested in the Board of Directors. Since the demise of the founder and chairman of the company Mr. Samson H Chowdhury, the firms day to day operations are now being run by his son Mr. Tapan H Chowdhury. He is supported by a group of highly qualified professionals. The basic structure for the Board of Directors for the company are given below, The board of directors is wherefore responsible for hiring a CEO and a management team whose duty pass oning be to manage the nonchalant operations of Square Pharmaceuticals.SWOT Analysis Strengths * Establishing strong distribution channel through franchising both in local and multinational market. * Weakness * Obsolescence of current technology used in pharmaceutical plants * Dependency on imports of raw materials from foreign markets Opport unit of measurementy * Building strong brand image of a pharmaceutical company, that can be carried to the global market * Opportunity to grow in the local market as well as the international market huge un-captured market in Africa. Threats * Any adverse change in the Government Drug Policy and Import Policy * Re unforgivingions from the Department of Environment on plant facilities in Pabna. operative CAPITAL direction on the job(p) Capital Management Working capital is the currency needed for running day-to-day business of a firm. Hence, it is the lifeline of any business concern. The basic theme of working capital management is to provide adequate support for smooth and efficient functioning of normal day-to-day business by striking a tradeoff between the three dimensions of working capital liquidity, profitability and risk (Sur & Chakroborty, 2011).Excessive working capital leads to unproductive use of only resources and inadequate working capital interrupts the smooth flow of business activity and profitability. The balance allocation of w orking capital funds between inventories, book debts and other components of working capital is a crucial phase in Working Capital Management. harmonise to Harris (2005) Working capital management is a simple and straightforward concept of ensuring the ability of the firm to fund the difference between the short term assets and short term liabilities.Nevertheless, a complete and mean approach is prefer to cover all of a companys activities related to vendors, customer and product (Hall, 2002). Now a days working capital management is considered as the main central issue in the firms, and financial private instructors are trying to identify the basic drivers and level of working capital management (Lamberson, 1995). Scope of Working Capital Management As we have seen before working capital management is the ability of a company to finance its operations through its current assets and current liabilities.Current Assets are those assets that can be converted into capital within on e year without diminishing its value. Some of the major current assets are immediate pay, marketable securities, write ups due and inventory. Current liabilities are those liabilities which are intended to be paid within a year of inception. Some major current liabilities imply accounts payable, bills payable, assert overdraft and outstanding expenses. Importance of Working Capital ManagementThe importance of working capital management stems from two reasons (i) A substantial portion of the investment is invested in current assets, and (ii) The level of current assets give change quickly, with the variation in pure(a) sales. Hence, in this study, an attempt has been made to analyze the size and composition of working capital and whether such an investment has increased or declined over a percentage point of seven years. After determining the requirement of current assets, one of the important tasks of the financial private instructor is to select a group of appropriate sources of finance for the current assets.Normally, the excess of current assets over current liabilities should be financed by the long-term sources. It is not realizable to find out precisely which long-term sources has been used to finance current assets, but it can be examined as to what proportion of current assets has been financed by long-term funds. Why is working capital needed? Cash scrutinise Receivables Given that the basic assumption of finance is to maximize shareholders equity it is necessary to hark back sufficient mesh.In general we can say that profits are the direct product of sales. Thus it is safe to say that in order to earn profits a business require to have a successful sales program. However sales do not convert into cash easily and in that location is an invariable time lag between the sale of goods and the receipts of cash. in that location is at that placefore the need for working capital in the form of current assets to throne with the problem arising out of the neediness of immediate realization of cash once once morest that of the goods sold. Technically this is referred to as the operational cycle.In a simpler form the term cash cycle refers to the time needed to complete the hobby activities 1. Conversion of Cash into muniment- purchase of raw materials, conversion of raw materials into WIP inventory, and finally offring the finished goods to the warehouse for sale. 2. Conversion of inventory into Accounts Receivables through Sales- this happens when firms make credit sales to customers 3. Conversion of Receivables into Cash- this is the stage where receivables are collected from the credit sales that were made.If it were possible to complete the sequence of the three events instantaneously there would be no need for current assets or current liabilities. However since cash inflows and cash outflows do not match firms have to keep cash or invest in short term liquidities so that they go forth be in a position t o meet any obligations in pillowcase they arise. CASH MANAGEMENT Cash is an important current asset of the business. Cash is the basic input needed to keep the business running on a continuous basis, it is also the ultimate output expected to be realized by selling the product or service manufactured by the firm.The firm should keep sufficient cash, neither more or less cash shortage will disrupt the firms manufacturing operations while unwarranted cash will simply remain numb(p), without contributing anything towards the firms profitability. Cash is the money which a firm can disburse immediately without any restriction. The term cash includes coins, currency, and checks held by the firm as well as balances in the wedge account. Some time near cash items such as marketable securities or bank time deposits are also included as cash.Facets of Cash Management Cash Management is concerned with three things, i. Cash flows into and out of the firm ii. Cash flows within the firm iii. Cash balances held by the firm at a point of time by financing deficit or investing surplus cash The cash management process can be represented by the cash management cycle as shown below, Motives for dimension Cash A firms reason for holding cash may be to three main reasons 1. Transactional- the transaction motive requires a company to hold cash for daily transaction purposes.The firm needs cash primarily to make honorariums for purchases, wages, salaries and other operating expenses such as taxes and dividends. On the other hand there is a regular cash inflow into the company from sales operations, returns on outside investments and so on. However these inflows and outflows are not incessantly synchronized and hence the firm needs to hold an extra cash balance. 2. Precautionary- the precautionary motive requires a company to hold cash to meet contingencies in the future. It provides a cushion or a buffer to withstand any unexpected emergencies.The inwardness of precautionary cash we need to have will play on the predictability of the cash flows. If cash flows can be predicted with accuracy wherefore less precautionary cash will be required, and vice versa. The amount of precautionary cash a firm holds will also depend on how quickly a firm will be able to borrow money at short notice. Stronger the ability to borrow cash the less precautionary cash that needs to be kept. 3. Speculative- the speculative motive requires the company to hold cash for future investments in profit making opportunities if required.These opportunities may arise when there is a change in the harm of securities n the nervous strain market. When the have-to doe with rates on the markets are rising then firms will withhold cash, as this signals the drop in the price of the securities. When the interest rates are declensioning then firms will invest in securities as this signals the rise in the price of securities in the near future. Objectives of Cash Management The basic obj ectives of cash management is to 1. invite Payment Schedules-in order to meet payment schedules a firm needs to have sufficient cash to meet the cash disbursements of the firm.It is important for firms to have adequate cash because apart from providing just liquidity cash also helps to ensure that the a) Relationship with the bank is not strained b) The firm has a good relationship with trade creditors and suppliers of raw materials, as prompt payments help them with their own cash managements. c) Cash drop can be obtained if payment is made before the due date. d) Credit scores remain high and hence the firm can purchase other goods on favorable terms and helps to maintain its line of credit with banks and other loan handling institutions. ) Advantage of favorable business opportunities is interpreted on a periodic basis. f) The company can unanticipated cash expending during periods of strain. 2. Minimizing Funds Committed to Cash dimensions- the second objective of cash manag ement is to squeeze the cash balances. While minimizing the cash balances two conflicting aspects of have to be reconciled. Firstly a large cash balance will ensure prompt payment. However it will also imply that large amounts of funds will remain idle, and as we know cash is a non-earning asset. On the other hand a low level of cash balance means that the firm is not able to meet the payment schedule.Hence the aim of cash management should be to have an optimal amount of cash balance. Preparation of Cash cipher Cash calculate is the most significant device to plan and control cash receipts and payments. A cash bud overtake is a summary statement of a firms expected inflows and outflows over a projected period of time. The cash budget gives the timing and the magnitude of future expected cash flows over the projected period. This cash budget helps finance managers plan the future cash requirements of the company, and make plans to control the liquidity of the company.In order to prepare the cash budget much information is required such as 1. Estimation of cash inflows- this includes all operating, non-operating and financing information of the company 2. Estimation of cash outflows- this includes * Operating outflows (wages, payment of A/P etc. ) * Capital expenditures * Contractual payments (such as repayment of loans) and * Discretionary payments (dividends) Besides this it is also necessary to know the office of credit sales vs. cash sales being made and the average collection period for accounts receivables.However since most of this information is company sensitive information, it was not possible for us to collect this information and hence we could not prepare the cash budget. CREDITORS MANAGEMENT Creditors/Payable Management Managing creditors / payables is a key part ofworking capital management. The working capital requirements of a firm are affected by credit terms granted by its creditors. A firm will need less working capital if liberal credit terms are available to it. Similarly, the availability of credit from banks also influences the working capital needs of the firm.A firm which can get bank credit easily on favorable condition will operate with less working capital than a firm without such a facility. Trade credit is the simplest and most important source of short-term finance for many companies. The objectives ofpayablesmanagement are to ascertain theoptimum level of trade credit to accept from suppliers. Deciding on the level of credit to acceptis a balancing act between liquidity and profitability. By delaying payment to suppliers companies face possible problems * supplier may refuse to supply in future * supplier may only supply on a cash basis * there may be loss of reputation Supplier may increase price in future. Relationship between Square Pharmaceuticals Ltd & Creditors The board of Square Pharmaceutical Ltd manages the financial transactions and ensures to meet companys commitments to the lenders without default. This has resulted in securing lower interest rates from them financers. The company receives the highest level of banking services and conducts its business operations efficiently. The company enjoys the minimum interest rate on the lending by the banks. The company has established long term business relationship with the banks namely Janata Bank Ltd. , Citibank N.A, Standard Chartered Bank, HSBC Ltd. , easterly Bank Ltd. , Commercial Bank of Ceylon Ltd. , Mercantile Bank Ltd. , Bank Alfalah Ltd. , Shahjalal Islami Bank Ltd. , Trust Bank Ltd. , Bank Asia Ltd. and DEG Germany who provide most efficient service at minimum cost/interest that benefit the shareholders. The company has neither ever defaulted in any commitment with its Bankers nor did get entangled in legal difference of opinion at any court premises. Relationship between Square Pharmaceuticals Ltd Suppliers Square is a renowned company which imports plant and machinery and almost all the raw materials from kn own suppliers of abroad.It maintains cordial and mutually beneficial interest with its international as well as local suppliers and this has enabled the company to avoid any legal disputes in international/local courts and enhanced the companys image as a good customer to its suppliers. Creditors & Sales 2011 2010 2009 2008 2007 2006 Collection 18,579,768,546 15,264,808,445 11,401,786,553 9,706,402,257 8,231,097,525 7,455,061,355 Of sales 2,016,551,125 2,627,483,864 736,443,848 1534345782 2,669,693,184 1,818,777,878 Short Term ank loan Long-term loans-current portion. 477,141,480 478,199,933 462,090,211 295,590,601 297,002,646 225,176,449 2493692605 3105683797 1198534059 1829936383 2966695830 2043954327 ingrained credits Creditsas a % of 13. 42% 20. 35% 10. 51% 18. 85% 36. 04% 27. 42% Sales In the figures of creditors only the creditors-Short term bank loans, long term bank loans- current portion which are related to purchases are taken. Other payments relating to tax, outstanding expenses or any other obligation are not taken under it.The creditors as a percentage of sales show the sales of Square Pharma Ltd, generating from credit purchases up to what extent. If more sales are contributed by credit then the working capital required will be less. In the above table of the creditors as a percentage of sales focusing on the data of 2006 to 2012 where we can see that the company achieved highest percentage in the year 2007-2008 but then it came down to 10. 51% in 2008-2009. During 2010-2011 periods the creditors as a percentage of sales again increased to 20. 35% but then again it dropped to 13. 42% in 2011-2012 periods.Square Pharmaceuticals Ltd should try to enhance this percentage so that to increase sales the company does not need to rely on working capital but rather on credit. TRADE CREDITORS Time period 2011-2012 2010- 2011 2009-2010 2008-2009 2007-2008 2006-2007 2005-2006 Trade Credito rs 875,431,555 733,369,218 394,715,915 124,222,699 124,222,699 100,953,258 60,601,743 79,390,166 The amounts shown in the above chart are the payables to regular suppliers of raw materials, packing materials, promotional materials etc. All suppliers were paid on a regular basis.Inventory Management Inventory management is the process of efficiently overseeing the constant flow of units into and out of an existing inventory. This process usually involves controlling the transfer in of units in order to restrain the inventory from becoming too high, or dwindling to levels that could put the operation of the company into jeopardy. Competent inventory management also seeks to control the costs associated with the inventory, both from the perspective of the total value of the goods included and the tax burden generated by the cumulative value of the inventory.Balancing the various tasks ofinventory management means paying guardianship to three key aspects of any inventory. The first a spect has to do with time. In terms of materials acquired for inclusion in the total inventory, this means understanding how long it takes for a supplier to process an order and execute a delivery. Inventory management also demands that a solid understanding of how long it will take for those materials to transfer out of the inventory be established. Knowing these two important lead times makes it possible to know when to place an order and how many units must be ordered to keep production running smoothly.Calculating what is known as buffer melodic line is also key to effective inventory management. Essentially, buffer stock is supererogatory units above and beyond the minimum number required to maintain production levels. For example, the manager may determine that it would be a good idea to keep one or two extra units of a given machine part on hand, just in case an emergency situation arises or one of the units proves to be defective once installed. Creating this cushion or b uffer helps to minimize the chance for production to be interrupted due to a lack of essential parts in the operation supply inventory.Inventory management is not limited to documenting the delivery of raw materials and the movement of those materials into operational process. The movement of those materials as they go through the various stages of the operation is also important. Typically known as a goods or work in progress inventory, tracking materials as they are used to create finished goods also helps to identify the need to adjust ordering amounts before the raw materials inventory gets dangerously low or is expand to an unfavorable level. Finally, inventory management has to do with keeping accurate records of finished goods that are ready for shipment.This often means posting the production of newly realized goods to the inventory totals as well as subtracting the most recent shipments of finished goods to buyers. When the company has a return form _or_ system of govern ment in place, there is usually a sub-category contained in the finished goods inventory to account for any returned goods that are reclassified as refurbished or second grade quality. Accurately maintaining figures on the finished goods inventory makes it possible to quickly convey information to sales personnel as to what is available and ready for shipment at any given time.In addition to maintaining control of the playscript and movement of various inventories, inventory management also makes it possible to prepare accurate records that are used for accessing any taxes due on each inventory type. Without precise data regarding unit volumes within each phase of the overall operation, the company cannot accurately calculate the tax amounts. This could lead to underpaying the taxes due and possibly incur stiff penalties in the event of an independent audit. Inventory as a strategic assetBy deploying inventory as a strategic asset rather than a tactical sticking plaster, any organi zation can achieve * ? higher service levels with reduced inventory * ? simplified planning processes * ? reduced obsolescence * ? significant liberation of cash. However, this can only really be delivered in a sustainable way if the current inventory deployment can be modeled and assessed, and alternative strategies real and tested in a safe environment before any implementation of change.The inventory profile can then be reviewed and re-aligned as the business evolves into new markets or new products come on stream. It is essential for the organization to hold the stocks to minimize the cost The important elements those need to manage inventory and run the production In other words ,Inventory is an idle stock of physical goods that contain economic value, and are held in various forms by an organization in its custody awaiting packing, touch, transformation, use or sale in a future point of time. Any organization which is into roduction, trading, sale and service of a product wi ll necessarily hold stock of various physical resources to aid in future consumption and sale. While inventory is a necessary evil of any such business, it may be noted that the organizations hold inventories for various reasons, which include speculative purposes, functional purposes, physical necessities etc. From the above definition the spare-time activity points stand out with reference to inventory * All organizations engaged in production or sale of products hold inventory in one form or other. Inventory can be in complete state or incomplete state. * Inventory is held to facilitate future consumption, sale or further processing/value addition. * All inventoried resources have economic value and can be considered as assets of the organization. The whole above process is needed to run a companys production. Debtor management Trade Debtors or Sundry debtors or accounts receivable is the person(s) to whom goods are sold on credit and agreed to receive payment in future. If comp any starts to sell on return of cash, then it decreases the level of companys sale and profitability.If company promotes credit sale, it can increase the risk of distressing debts. So, it is required to control and to manage debtors and to minimize the loss due to not receiving money from debtors is the main aim of debtor management. Main elements or dimensions of Debtors management 1. Credit policy Credit policy effects debtor management because it guides management about how to control debtors and how to make balance between liberal and strict credit. This liberated credit policy which means there is no restriction in case of credit sales will increase the amount of sale and profitability.If goods sold to those debtors whose capability to pay is not good, then it is possible that some amount will become bad debts. Company can increase the time limit for paying by such debtors. On the other hand, if companys credit policy is strict, then it will increase liquidity and security, bu t decrease the profitability. So, finance manager should make credit policy at optimum level where profitability and liquidity will be equal. We can show it graphically Sub part of credit policy- (a) Length of Credit periodLength of credit period is also an element that affects decisions of finance manager relating to manage debtors. It is the time which allows to debtor to pay his debt for purchasing goods on credit from vendor. Finance manager can increase the length of credit period harmonize to reputation of customers. (b) Cash send packing Cash discount is technique to get money faster from debtors. It is cost of investment in credit sale. Again many companies provide with cash discount to attract more customers and increase the overall sales of the company. 2. Credit policy analysisIt means decision relating to analysis of credit policy. Evaluation and analysis of credit policy is based on following factors. a) Collection of debtors information For analyzing the financial pos ition of debtors, information relating to debtors need to be collected. This information can be obtained from customers financial statements of previous years, bank reports, and information given by credit rating agencies. These information is useful for deciding where debtors are clear to get credit sales and whether they will be able pay out the outstanding debt or not. b) Credit DecisionsAfter collecting and analyzing the debtors information, manager has to decide whether company should facilitate to sell goods on credit or not. If company sells the goods on credit to particular debtor, then at what level it will be sold after seeing his position. For this manager can fix the standard for providing goods on credit. If a particular debtor is below than given standard, then he should not accept his proposal of buying goods on credit. 3. Formulation Collection Policy To get the fund faster from debtor, the following steps will be taken under formulation of collection policy. ) Send reminding letter for paying debt b) Take the help of debt collection agency for getting bad debt. c) To do legal action against bad debtors. d) To request personally to debtor to pay his dues on mobile or email. e) Finance manager should monitor collection position through average collection period from past sundry debtor and their turnover ratio. f) To make ageing schedule. Debtor management of Square Pharmaceuticals from 2005-2010 Trade debtors occurred in the ordinary course of business are unsecured but considered good. Ageing of the debtors from 2004 to 2010 is as follows 012 2011 2010 2009 2008 2007 2006 Below 30 years 317,174,045 239,122,710 189,657,421 209,027,961 247,995,969 138,729,113 131,653,153 Within 31-60 days 188,262,890 78,672,302 43,329,446 32,015,833 37,053,893 30,428,440 63,588,500 Within 61-90 days 94,301,441 49,905,875 12,010,002 9,245,177 15,330,219 14,028,426 20,624,190 Above 90 days 208,573,338 404,720,458 263,252,305 227,273,031 59,865,565 139,678,658 7 2,866,294 Tk. 808,311,714 772,421,345 508,249,174 477,562,002 322,864,637 360,245,646 288,732,137 Debtor swage ratioDebtor turnover ratio is the relationship between credit sales and average debtors and it is also called account receivable turnover ratio. Debtor Turnover ratio = Credit Sales / Average Debtors Year 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Net credit sales 288,732,137 360,245,646 322,864,637 477,562,002 508,249,174 772,421,345 808,311,714 Avg. debtors 278,129,939 324,488,892 341,555,142 400,213,320 492,905,588 640,335,260 790,366,530 Debtor Turnover ratio 1. 04 1. 11 0. 95 1. 20 1. 03 1. 21 1. 02 Debtors turnover ratio shows how long people normally take to pay a firm for purchases on average. By examine between the periods, management can tell if they are collecting their receivables quicker or longer on average.If a firms debtors turnover ratio is higher than the amount the firm normally gives people to repay their credit, then the firm is doing a poor job of collecting receivables. The term Debtor Collection Period indicates the average time taken to collect trade debts. Debtors collection period = 365 days/Debtor turnover ratio Year 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Debtors collection period 338 351 329 384 304 354 302 358 Here the number of days shows how long it takes Square Pharmaceuticals to collect its receivables and we know that reducing period of time is an indicator of increasing might. Here we can see that there is a fluctuation in the ratio over the time period.It takes a lot of time for the company to collect the receivables. But the company should try to minimize the collection period to get more efficient performance. Export debtors Due from export sales Realized amount Unrealized amount 2005 14,724,353 12,194,435 2,529,918 2006 26,490,877 10,330,471 16,160,406 2007 773,713,422 92,961,015 80,752,407 2008 33,874,927 13,852,927 20,022,000 2009 63,096,760 57,957,585 5,139,175 2010 31,693,422 16,089,143 15,604,279 2011 64 ,924,422 35,758,364 29,166,058 2012 98,568,421 62,347,054 36,221,367 From the above chart it is circumpolar that the credit sales from export also have some uncollected receivable amount from the period of 2005-2010. The management needs to be more efficient in case of collecting the receivables from the debtors to ensure companys profitability. In all those years there was no amount due by the directors, managing agent, manager and other officers of the company and any of them severally or jointly with any other person. Also no amount is due by associate undertakings. Debtors and Working Capital As on 31st March ears 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Debtors 288,732,137 360,245,646 322,864,637 477,562,002 508,249,174 772,421,345 808,311,714 WorkingCapital 1,770,929,474 1,126,944,426 910,991,333 1,202,644,301 2,557,566,793 2,354,024,414 2,492,572,163 As a % of W. C. 16. 30% 31. 97% 35. 44% 39. 71% 19. 87% 32. 81% 32. 24% There a fluctuation in the ratio over the time period and it has decreased from 2005 to 2006 then again increased in 2007, 2008 and 2009. Again it dropped in 2010 and again rose in 2011 and 2012. The lower the ratio is the better so management should try to manage their accounts receivables policy properly. RATIO ANALYSISCompany MKT Size Growth in 2011 market place Share 2011 2012 Square Pharmaceuticals 15,725. 8 20. 5% 18. 7% 19. 2% Incepta Pharmaceuticals 7,851. 5 28. 6% 9. 3% 9. 0% Beximco Pharmaceuticals 7,415. 0 30. 5% 8. 8% 8. 4% OpsoninPharma 4,275. 4 27. 2% 5. 1% 4. 9% Renata 4,076. 8 26. 1% 4. 9% 4. 8% Total Sector 84,044. 1 23. 6% Key Financial Highlights Before waiver to the main part of the paper, which is financial ratio analysis of Square Pharmaceuticals Limited, some key financial data about the company can give unintelligible understanding on the companys financial positions and performance. Net ProfitNet profit also increased all over the last sixer years. In from 2006-2012 net profit increa sed by 6. 06%, 36. 76%, 10. 48% and 21. 26% respectively. But key point here is that the rate of increment from year to year is not so much consistent, although increment of turnover is very much consistent from one year to another. This also indicate that increment of expenditures were not consistent from these years. Asset proportion Analysis Performance evaluation of a company is usually related to how well a company can use its assets, shareholder equity and liability, revenue and expenses. Financial ratio analysis is one of the best tools of performance evaluation of any company.In order to determine the financial position of the Square Pharmaceutical Limited and to make a judgment of how well is the efficiency of Square Pharmaceutical Limited, its operation and management and how well the company has been able to utilize its assets and earn profit. We use ratio analysis for easily measurement of efficiency, liquidity position, asset management circumstance, investment conditio n, and profitability, market value and debt coverage situation of the Square Pharmaceutical Limited for performance evaluation. It analyzes that how the company uses of its assets and control of its expenses. It determines the greater the coverage of liquid assets to short-term liabilities and it also compute ability to pay. It measures overall efficiency and performance of Square Pharmaceutical Limited.It determines of share market condition of Square Pharmaceutical Limited. Square Pharmaceutical Limited is the most famous company in Bangladesh. It was established in 1958 but their converted into public limited company in 1991. It is the first among all national, multinational, private and public of pharmaceutical company of Bangladesh. Their mission is to produce and provide quality healthcare relief of people, maintain strongly ethical standard in business operation also ensuring benefit to the shareholder, stakeholder, and society. Their vision is social wellbeing of the investo rs, employee and society at large, wealth financial and moral gains as a part of the process of the human civilization.Their objectives are to conduct transparent business operation based on market mechanism within the legal and social frame work. Financial ratios are useful indicators of a firms performance and financial situation. Financial ratios can be used to analyze trends and to compare the firms financials to those of other firms. Financial ratios can be classified according to the information they provide. The following types of ratios frequently are used 1. liquid state ratios 2. Asset management ratios 3. Debt management ratios 4. Profitability ratios 5. Market value ratios description and Analysis of Financial Ratios LIQUIDITY RATIOS Liquidity ratios are the first ones to come in the picture.These ratios actually show the relationship of a firms cash and other current assets to its current liabilities. cardinal ratios are discussed under Liquidity ratios. They are 1. Current ratio 2. Net Working Capital 3. Quick/ Acid Test ratio. 4. Cashflow to Total Debt 5. Cash calendar method of birth control 6. Cash Turnover 7. Net Liquid Balance Liquidity Ratio 2006-2007 2007-2008 2008-2009 2009-2010 2010-2011 2011-2012 Current ratio 1. 44 1. 26 1. 46 2. 15 1. 50 1. 59 Net Working Capital 1126945 910991 1202644 2557567 2354025 2492572 Quick ratio 0. 84 0. 68 0. 66 1. 05 0. 96 1. 58 Cashflow to Total Debt 0. 81 0. 60 1. 30 2. 21 1. 04 1. 51 Cash Cycle 138. 33 145. 63 140. 4 158. 5 142. 39 114. 9 Cash Turnover 2. 63 2. 50 2. 6 2. 30 2. 56 3. 18 Net Liquid Balance 17906710 18117139 71456952 65071270 75554041 259448647 1. Current Ratio It is the ratio of current assets to current liabilities. meter reading * In 2012, Square Pharmaceuticals current assets were 1. 59 times of its current liabilities. Current ratio increased steadily from 2006 to 2010 except for the year 2007 when it decreased compared to previous year and then finally it settled to 1. 59. * Acc ording to the industry average Squares current ratio is far above at 1. 59 times, were as the industry average lies at 1. 8 times, so indicates a good performance by Square. The current ratio figure of Square indicates that their proportionate increase in assets has been more than their proportionate increase in liability because of which the ratio figure increased over the period. 2. Quick Ratio It is the ratio of current assets, excluding inventory, to current liabilities. Interpretation * In 2012, Square Pharmaceuticals current assets, excluding inventory, was 0. 96 times of its current liabilities. * Quick ratio did not follow the same upward trend of increasing, it cut from 0. 84 (2007) to 0. 68 (2008) and 0. 66 (2009) and it increased in 2010, again taking a fall and landing on 0. 96 times in 2011. Again, it slightly falls in 2012 to 0. 95. * The companys quick ratio was below the industry average unlike current ratio, which appears to be a negative sign. Comparing the curren t ratio and quick ratio, we can conclude that the company had a high amount of inventory, which lead to a high current ratio but a low quick ratio. Net Liquid Balance 2011-12 2010-11 2009-10 2008-09 2007-08 2006-07 NLB 17,906,710 18,117,139 71,456,952 65,071,270 75,554,041 259,448,647 Net liquid balance for the square pharmaceuticals limited is increasing in the recent years 2011 and 2010. In 2006 company got the highest NLB of Tk. 259,448,674. Holding too much idle balance is bad as company lose investment opportunity. Thus the company invested in short term loan in the following years. In recent years, company holding some handsome amounts of NLB. So the NLB position of square pharmaceuticals is good in recent years.ASSET MANAGEMENT RATIO ASSET MANAGEMENT RATIOS Asset management ratios are the financial statement ratios that measure how effectively a business uses and controls its assets. Below are discussed tail fin types of asset management ratios 1. Inventory turnover ratio 2. The days sales outstanding 3. Average payment period 4. Fixed asset turnover ratio 5. Total asset turnover ratio Asset management ratio 2006-2007 2007-2008 2008-2009 2009-2010 2010-2011 2011-2012 Total Asset Turnover 2. 76 2. 40 2. 70 2. 97 3. 03 3. 25 Inventory Turnover Ratio 2. 76 2. 39 2. 70 2. 97 3. 03 3. 25 Days in Inventory 132. 27 138. 98 132. 05 152. 34 135. 04 122. 8 Average payment period 89 days 174 days 207 days 199 days 120 days 112 Days sales outstanding 13 days 13 days 15 days 14 days 18 days 20 days Total Asset Turnover Ratio It is the ratio of sales to total assets. Interpretation * In 2012, the companys every 1-taka worth of Total Assets generated 0. 15 taka of sales. * Overall the total asset turnover improved over the years, except for the years except for 2008 when it felled to . 14 times, but it delayingly increased throughout 2009 to 2011 and stood at . 14 times at 2011. This is a good sign of utilization of assets. * The companys performance seems to be ver y satisfactory as total asset turnover is far above the industry average of 0. 33 times.Overall, the performance is very good. Inventory Turnover ratio It is the number of times a company sells and restocks its inventory. Interpretation * In 2012 the company sold and restocked its inventory 3. 41 times. * Inventory turnover ratio for Square has been fluctuating between the period 2007 and 2010 very insignificantly rising to a level of 3. 03 times in 2011. * The companys rate of inventory turnover is higher than the industry average of 2. 2 times, so we can conclude that the company is efficiently and quickly selling off and restocking its inventory. The companys balance sheets show increase of inventory with declining turnover every year.Declining inventory turnover commonly indicates that the company is not being able to flush its inventory very well as it was doing in the previous years. A low turnover rate may point to overstocking, obsolescence, or deficiencies in the product li ne or marketing effort. High inventory levels are unhealthy because they represent an investment with a zero rate of return in addition to the increased cost associated with maintaining those inventories. It also opens the company up to trouble should prices begin to fall. However, in some instances a low rate may by appropriate, such as where higher inventory levels occur in anticipation of rapidly rising prices or shortages. In order to improve Inventory Turnover ratio, at first an end-to-end view in addressing inventory needs to be looked at.Supply chains need to be optimized, production processes should have to be efficient as well, so that the suppliers become able to produce and deliver materials in a timely, low cost fashion that allows the company to minimize their inventory and cost of materials. Collaborative relationships with customers can allow them to make their demand for products more predictable thereby allowing to minimize finished product inventory without failing to meet their needs for volume and timeliness. Discount-driven sales may generate a boost in sales. Such discounts can erode the companys profit margins but will boost revenue and rate of inventory turnover. The company might look like it is becoming leaner, when in fact it may simply be get-up-and-go products into the marketplace using artificial low pricing. However, before it can be done, the gross margins reported by the business needs to be analyzed carefully.If gross margins decrease as a percentage of sales in spite of an increase in inventory turnover, they should not apply this policy. Supplier-financed inventory may reduce inventories and show improved inventory turnover by forcing suppliers to carry the inventory for the company. The suppliers assume the cost of maintaining inventory and passes that cost on. Alternatively, the company may reduce inventory by the use of express shipment or other costly means of delivery to ensure the availability of materials and supplie s when needed. Solutions of maintaining inventory that simply shift cost to suppliers return the cost in added mark-ups to the materials and supplies purchased. This results in a rise in unit product unit cost.Days in Inventory It shows the time taken by the company to sell out its inventory. Interpretation * In 2012, the company held onto its inventory for 123 days before selling it out. * In 2011, the company held onto its inventory for 120 days before selling it out. * Days in inventory rose dramatically in 2008 to 152 days in it slowly climbed down to 120 days in 2011. The company is improving in quickly selling off its inventory rather tying it back and arising cost. * In 2010, however its value was below the industry average, which shows its good position among competitors. Square has the lowest days in inventory. Average Collection Period It shows the time taken by the company to collect its account Interpretation For Square Pharmaceuticals, it took an average of 18 days to c ollect its accounts receivables from its customers in 2011. * The ACP started to peak up after 2008 with 15 days (2009) and then falling to 14 days ( 2010) and then it gradually increased to 18 days in 2011 and stood there. The company seems to be inconsistent in collecting its debt and it is increasing which is a bad sign cause it will lead to a scenario of funds being tied up. * The companys figure is really below the industry average, which is a good sign for the company as it indicates that they at least more efficient in collecting their funds then their competitors. They will have more cash available at hand by elongating the payment periodSince the DSO was the highest in 2004-05 that indicates that customers were taking longer times to pay their bills, which may be a exemplar that customers were dissatisfied with the companys product or service, or that salespeople were making sales to customers that are less credit-worthy, or that salespeople have to offer longer payment te rms in order to seal the deal. Long credit policy might be used deliberately to boost sales temporarily. Of course, it could also mean that the company has an ineffectual or overtaxed accounts receivables department. However, the significant improvement in 2005-06 signifies that the company collected its outstanding receivables quicker than the previous years and that the credit terms are getting more realistic.It also connotes that the company had greater control over quality of its customer relationship management (CRM) during the following year. Average Payment Period It shows the time taken by the company to pay off its accounts payable. Interpretation * In 2011, it took an average of 120 days for the company to pay its accounts payables. * The companys average payment period started to rise from the period 2008 and continued to rise till 2009 amounting at 207 days and then it started to decline in 2010 and stood at 120 days in 2011. * The companys payment period was below the industry average which shows the company might be at lack of fund due to paying off its creditors early, than its competitors .The underlying reason for the ratio to go up is the significant increase of companys debt especially short and long term bank loans (which made the current portion of long-term loans high). Each year this amount is getting higher than the previous years. Furthermore, in 2004-05 there was a huge sum trade credits unpaid. All these played key role for the payables to increase. A long payment period at first improves the companys liquidity, but may also be an indicator for liquidity problems. Therefore, it is important to keep the value equal or close to the average value. Since the companys payment period is getting longer, i. e. the company pays too late, then it means the liquidity problem of the company.The company probably lacks of the money to pay its liability. Hence, questions may arise on the companys credit excellence and paying habits. It has long b een recognized that late payment of business debt is a serious problem for suppliers of goods and services. Late Payment can make it necessary for a company to increase borrowing and to extend overdraft facilities. Time and resources can be taken up on maintaining and collecting late payments instead of being employ to other areas of business. PROFITABILITY RATIOS Profitability is the net result of a number of policies and decisions. Profitability ratios show the combined effects of liquidity, asset management and debt on operating results.There are four important profitability ratios that we are going to analyze 1. Net Profit bank 2. Gross Profit Margin 3. Return on Asset 4. Return on Equity 5. lettuce Per Share Gross Profit Margin It is calculated by dividing gross profit by sales. Interpretation * In 2012, for every 100-taka worth of sales, Square Pharmaceuticals earned 43. 2 taka * In 2011, for every 100-taka worth of sales, Square Pharmaceuticals earned 42. 8 taka. * Over th e period of five years, Square Pharmaceuticals had an inclining trend leading to a changeless rate of 42. 8% over the past three years. This is an indication of consistent and stable performance. The elude sectional analysis shows that the company has been maintaining its profit well enough as it is far above the industry average of 27. 2% The Gross Profit Margin has remained pretty much stable throughout the whole three years. It increased slowly each year. It indicates that Square Pharmaceutical is managing its Sales and Cost of Goods Sold very well. Operating Profit Margin It is calculated as the ratio of operating profit to sales. This shows the amount of operating profit earned relative to sales. Interpretation * In 2012, for every 100-taka worth of sales, Square Pharmaceuticals earned 20. 9 taka of operating. * In 2011, for every 100-taka worth of sales, Square Pharmaceuticals earned 20. 4taka of operating. The operating profit figures show that Square Pharmaceuticals had a fluctuating trend over the period, with O/P margin being highest in 2007 and then it followed an up and down trend while gradually declining to 20. 4% in 2011. * Perhaps proportionate increase in sales was greater in the proportionate increase in operating which lead to a gradual decline in the figures. While the company had an inconsistent and declining figure for O/P margin, it still managed to catch up with the industry, with the industry average being at 19. 8%. Net Profit MarginIt is calculated by dividing net profit by sales. Interpretation * In 2011, for every 100 taka worth of sales, Bangladesh Lamps generated 18. 8 taka worth of net income. * The Net income has deterioted over the years but still is being somehow consistent. The company has the highest industry average, so it shows their performance are way better than their rivals. The main reason that the profit margin declined is high cost. High cost, in turn, generally occurs due to inefficient operations. Profit margin also declined because in 2005-06 Square Pharmaceuticals used a lot of long-term debt. This invariably resulted in more interest cost, which brought the Net income down. Return on Asset It is the ratio of net income to total assets. Interpretation * In 2011, Square Pharma generated 13 taka worth of net profit from its 100 taka worth of total assets. * The company has an improving trend of ROA. In spite of this the companys ROA is below industry average. Return on Equity Interpretation We can see that the ROE of Square Pharmaceuticals is stable and having a good number which is a good indication cause the higher the ROE, the higher the rate of return. Earnings per share Over the years Square Pharmaceuticals earning per share has been increasing. For 2009-10 to 2010-11 EPS of Square Pharmaceuticals increased by 21. 42%. As its EPS is also higher than the industry average (presented at the later part of the paper), it can be said that Square Pharmaceuticals could use it equity efficien tly in generating profit. MARKET VALUE RATIOSThe final group of ratios, the market value ratios relates the firms stock price to its earnings and book value per share. These ratios give management an indication of what investors think of the companys past performance and future prospects. In this section, we are going to have a discussion mainly on two types of ratios 1. Price/ Earnings ratio 2. Market/ Book ratio Price/ Earnings ratio The Price/ Earnings ratio (price-to-earnings ratio) of a stock is a measure of the price paid for a share relative to the income or profit earned by the firm per share. P/E ratio Price per share / earnings per share Market/ Book ratio The ratio of book value to market value of stocks.Market/Book ratio (M/B) = Market price per share / Book value per share Following table shows the P/E and M/B ratios of Square Pharmaceuticals in different years Year 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-2011 2011-12 P/E Ratio 10. 3 times 17. 5 18. 3 17. 8 16. 5 15. 3 M/ B ratio 1. 78 times 1. 77 times 2. 36 times 2. 41 times 2. 94 times 3. 26 times The P/E ratio was 8. 43 times in 2006-07. However, in 2007-08 it declined to 9. 70 times which is an alarming signal for the potential investors. The M/B ratio was 1. 78 times in 2006-07 and increased further to 2. 92 times in the following year which was excellent to draw the solicitude of investors.The main reason behind the declination of P/E and M/B ratio is the fall of price per share. Price of share may fall for several reasons. Failing to meet market expectations is one of the main reasons for the market to lose interest in a share. Shares are usually valued according to what investors reckon the company will do in future. Therefore, when a business fails to meet those expectations then it is not unreasonable for investors to reconsider their position. We can see this fact applicable for this company too. As the company was doing well in 2000-05, the share price was higher than among the three ye ars. Interestingly, the impact on shares depends to a large microscope stage on the influence that they have on the market as well.During 2005-06 financial year the capital market situation deteriorated to the level that the DSE General Index fell by 14. 91%. The overall hostile market situation put a negative impact on Square Pharmaceuticals stock price too. Therefore, the investors should not be concerned much about the particular companys P/E and M/B ratio. Debt management ratio Risk and Return Standard deviation derived from the monthly returns of Square Pharmaceuticals Ltd. over the last 5 years, is 14. 32% and the average rate of monthly return is 2. 56% Standard deviation is a measure of total risk of this stock. Thus this 14. 32% indicates the fluctuation of the 60 monthly returns of Square Pharmaceuticals stock from its mean.Thus, compared to the average monthly return of the stock which is only 2. 56%, the stock seems to be volatile. Coefficient of Variation = RiskReturn = 14. 32%2. 56% = 5. 60 Consequently, the coefficient of variation of this stock is quite high. The risk per unit of return is 5. 60. This means that the investors of Square Pharmaceuticals have taken only 5. 60 units of risk for every unit of historical return. Beta of Square Pharmaceuticals Limited The following scatter plot shows the relationship between the market returns (DSE) and Square Pharmaceuticals stocks return. The scatter plot of Square Pharma stocks price change against DSE general-index shows the movement pattern of these 60 data.Plot also demonstrates fairly positive correlation between Square Pharmaceuticals Ltds return and market return. The slope of this reversal line is Beta which is a standardized measure of systematic or market risk of the stock. The beta of the stock of Square Pharmaceuticals has a value of 0. 623 which indicates that the stock has market risk which is not very close to the average market risk. The beta of the market or average market risk is always 1 Working Capital Requirements 2011-12 2010-11 2009-10 2008-09 2007-08 2006-07 WCR 2,077,569,872 888,936,561 685,445,639 966,839,517 1,433,895,492 890,228,553 WCR for square pharmaceuticals ltd. shows an increasing trend over the years 2001 to 2010.This is happening because sales for square pharmaceuticals is increasing during those years. Net sales reflects the change in WCR. As we see from year 2001 to 2003 sales falls as a result WCR also falls. Again in year 2004 sales increased and thusly the WCR also increased. Working Capital Requirements/Sales (WCR/S) 2011-12 2010-11 2009-10 2008-09 2007-08 2006-07 WCR/S 0. 16 0. 08 0. 07 0. 11 0. 20 0. 14 WCR/S is more or less same in the early years 2006, 2009 and 2010. Then we see an increase in 2008 and fall in 2007 and falls continues till 2011. Then increase in 2012 again. This ratio shows companys dependency on external funds and also talks about firms liquidity.Thus we can see in the year 2006, 2007, 2008 and 2009 this rat io is higher, as a result WCR is high in those year indicating companys OC needs a higher fund. DIH, DSO, DPO, OC, CCP 2011-2012 2010-2011 2009-2010 2008-2009 2007-2008 2006-2007 DIH 122. 78 135. 04 152. 34 132. 05 138. 98 132. 27 DSO 13. 97 15. 34 13. 75 13. 53 14. 87 15. 75

Thursday, May 23, 2019

Native Tribes

Cormac McCarthys Blood Meridian deals with racism in the form of The Judges attitude toward the orphans, the tangible efforts of the gang to be more savage, and even in the Kids role in the border skirmishes between the American settlers, the endemic Americans and Mexicans living along the border. In a novel that some have called the greatest American novel since Moby Dick, McCarthy discusses racism on an inherent level, making people examine the historical consideration and the situation itself. Remarkably, the novel has a lasting appeal as a commentary on the way Americans address their southern neighbors even today.The first prove of racism the book offers is in the Judges attitude towards the orphans. The Judge is a pedophile, raping the orphans and then killing them or having them killed to hide his indiscretion. In his mind, the Judge justifies his actions with the archetype that many of the children in the orphanage atomic number 18 half-breeds and somehow therefore less important than people who are purely Caucasian. In his mind, the Judge and others who forecast later the orphans, even as wantonly as the Judge does, are doing their Christian duty and providing for children that are otherwise unwanted.In this way, the book takes a hard and accurate look at the racism that was frequent in the West regarding children descended from Native Americans and Europeans. The children were dismissed by white society as half savage and by the Native populations because they often represented the humiliation of one of the women of the tribeeither voluntarily or involuntarily. To some extent, these children were more certain in the Native populations when their parents were both accepted by the tribe, but even then they were mostly second class citizens.The next evidence of racism and its extreme application comes from the Gang. Though the gang is tranquil of outlaws of Caucasian and Native descent, as a means of instilling terror in their victims, the gang resorts to scalping those they killed. As history demonstrates, only a very miniscule number of Native Tribes took scalps as counting coup, but the stereotype of the novel and of the gang members was that Injuns took scalps and that would make people more afraid of them. It is to a fault interesting to note that primary targets of the gang were settlers coming up from Mexico or those of Hispanic descent.The stereotype that the Mexican were outlaws or lazy ot somehow second-class citizens is prevalent in the novel. Perhaps equally interesting in the long-term is the prejudice within the Hispanic/Mexican/Chicano community itself. Even now, those who are descendents of the Spanish Conquistadors are sometimes offended by being identified as Mexicans, whom they identify as those of mixed blood between the conquistadors and the Native American people of key America. However, Chicanos in Southern California would be equally offended by being called a Hispanic as they take pride in their connector to Mexico.The fact that this racism persists to this day is both interesting and depressing at the same time. The simple reality of Cormac McCarthys novel is that it portrays an evil man attempting to free his actions via racism and a gang of thugs using racism to make themselves seem bigger and badder than they are, when in truth murder should have been enough. McCarthys ability to dumbfound the tenor and reality of the racism without pandering to it does make this a novel worth reading.

Wednesday, May 22, 2019

Critical Thinking – Lionking

SUMMARY The Lion King is an animated film by Walt Disney. The movies entail trust, character, suspense and betrayal. The humbug presents a story about lions race and their kingship story. It began with the story of a lions cub transit to adulthood and acceptance of his royal destiny. Simba begins life as a young cub with a promising future of becoming a king when he attains the stage of adulthood. He is the son of King Mufasa.Simbas happy childhood took a tragic turn when his uncle, nock strategically murdered the king and blames Simba as the curse of the Kings death and suggests that Simba ran away from Pride list in order for him (Scar) to be king. While in exile, the young lion befriends a pair of warthog and meerkat named Pumbaa and Timon respectively and the three combined lived a c befree jungle life. As Simba approaches adulthood, he coincidentally met his childhood friend Nala and the past began to unfold.He besides had an encounter with Rafiki, the monkey, from his past and later on was later visited by the spirit of his father urging Simba to take his place in the circle of life as the rightful king and the true heir to the throne of Pride Rock. Simba was finally persuaded of going back to Pride Rock and confront his uncle Scar for the throne. It was later learnt that Scar was the brain behind king Mufasas death and wanted to kill Simba also for the second judgment of conviction but Simba defeated him and reclaim Pride Rock and the hyenas were banished also.The Lion king, Embraced by most children and adults a like, the film spawned hit musics like Can you feel the love tonight, The travel of life, also entails the likes of Elton John, Tim Rice and Hans Zimmer. In late 2002, the Lion king was re-released in the large screen IMAX format. VAGUENESS In Critical Thinking, a sentence is considered black when it is unclear what the messages or the ideas the speakers intend to convey. Vagueness open fire be caused by unclear standards, discombobul ation over the context, imprecise choice of words, and regional or cultural causes.In the movie The Lion King, here we have nominate a few examples of vagueness and our explanations. Vagueness 1(09. 05) pic Yes, Simbas response tells us that Mufasa is actually making a vague statement, because there is no further explanation later on the statement that he has made. We totally have no idea the exact responsibilities to becoming a king, nor what it takes to be king. In this situation, the vagueness is evoked due to the confusion over the context. For instance, do someone need to be more ruthless? , Or more merciful? to become a king? We never receive from what is stated by Mufasa. It at the same time causes ambiguousness here. Vagueness 2 (14. 25) Here comes a concise example for the vagueness analysis in the movie. Appargonntly, Simbas and Nalas reception shows that they are confused by what Zazu is actually trying to imply. Zazu uses some choices of words that Simba and Nala hav e difficulty in understanding. These imprecise choices of words causes confusion for Simba and Nala, as they are oblivious to the meaning of the choice of words zazu employed.Both Simba and Nala does not understand Zazus use of deep and complicated language. And at last with this simple but easily-understandable sentence, Simba and Nala finally understood the message that Zazu wants to express. Vagueness 3 (0315) Refer to the Circle of Life scene and Painting scene. In these two scenes, we fundament see Rafiki is doing the same action which is applying something, looks like juice and sand, on the forehead of Simba. Nothing really explains what Rafikis actions unless you have Christian experience that its a symbolization of a baptism-like ritual on Simba..As an audience without any Christianity knowledge, you would not have kn let that Rafikis action of putting the sand and coconut juice he collects on Simbas supercilium as a ceremonial cr have in fact has its hidden meaning. Here it exists that cultural or religious factor 8causes vagueness to a place of audience population. We might be wondering what is the meaning or the messages this scene intends to put across. Furthermore, can we substitute the juice or sand with some other materials? Or must it be specific using this particular material? This indicates the confusion over the context used in the scene.Vagueness 4 (0852) In this context, a vague standard about Everything that Simba is going to possess in the future is used. Does it mean that as long as there is no more light, such as night time, Simba would then lose the things that he owns? Audience may have difficulty in understanding the standard and then interpret differently what the story actually narrates. FACTS VS OPINIONS A fact is a specific detail that can be proven as true based on objective licence whereas an opinion is a feeling, judgment, belief, or conclusion that cannot be proven true and it is always subjective. Fact 1 (09. 25)In thi s part of the story, Mufasa is trying to teach his son Simba a lesson on the biodiversity on the Pride Land. He is conveying a fact to his son, about which how the circle of life goes. This statement is objective and purely based on what happens in the reality of nature. Mufasa does not incorporate his own feelings or perspective in his statement. Besides, this is also a generally known biology fact, whereby we understand our own position in the vast universe, and it is scientifically verified. Thus, the audience can easily understand the statement and accept it, without analyzing if the statement is true or false and reasoned or invalid.Fact 2 (2328) According to this statement, Mufasa is just accounting for a fact that has just happened. He points out what is in reality and it is objective. Simbas misbehaviors have caused him jeopardy and might have killed him when the hyenas assay to hunt him(Simba). And Mufasa stated out what Simba has just done, which is disobeying him, beca use Simba went to the shadowy place which Mufasa has warned him not to. It can be verified through reflexion the movie. Besides, we do not see there is use of biased word judging the incident. Opinion 1 (0448)Scar makes the statement that life is not fair merely because he shall never be the King. This is a self-centered statement which automatically makes it a subjective statement. And it is a rhetorical question, where Scar wants people to agree with him, and so it is biased in terms of the choice of words used. We can feel the sense of shame that Scar is trying to express when he cannot be the King, in which we can say the statement is loaded with emotion and is purely a personal judgment to the life he has. Opinion 2 (2541) In this part of the conversation, I hate lions, shows rather much a biased word is used in judging the lions.Apparently, Banzai does not like lions. Banzai makes the statement according to his own judgment and it is loaded with emotion. The hyenas think th at the lions are pushy, hairy, stinky and ugly and that is why they dislike lions. But that does not make more reason for the audience to heed to them and consequently hates lions as well. Besides, every individual has their own point of view on interpreting the reality. Some people may find lions as tricky and brave. Hence, these statements are purely based on the hyenas opinions and they are subjective, whereby it is an opinion.They are same the lions, Scar and the other lions, but the hyenas have different judgments on them. When Scar states that lions are not all bad, hyenas agree with him and say that it is just Scar the good lion. And this situation vividly depicts that they judge things differently based on their opinions. INTERROGATIVE AND rhetorical QUESTIONS There are a lot of questions in the movie in which we need to analyze whether they are interrogative questions or rhetorical questions so that we can better understand the messages the director of the movie tries to co nvey.An interrogative question is meant to solicit some information from someone while a rhetorical question is to encourage someone to agree or to act in a certain way. Interrogative caput 1 Scar asks Simba what he has done and supposedly he expects some fare from Simba and thus, Simba answers and tells what has happened to his dad in the stampede. This is a form of interrogative question where the question is meant to get some information from the other person. rhetorical question 1 When Scar states that what get out your mother think? he does not actually expect an answer from Simba.Instead, he wants Simba to feel guilty of his father, king Mufasas death. Scar wants Simba to reprimand himself for that and establish the Pride Land, whereby Scar will subsequently become the King of the Pride Land. And refer to the following part of the conversation, Scar persuades Simba to leave the place. And this makes the rhetorical question established to encourage Simba to act in the wa y Scar wants him to. Interrogative Question 2 This is a question whereby Simba asks Scar what he should do. And Scar then replies and asks Simba to run away from the land and never come back again.Soliciting information is thus involved in the statement and makes it an interrogative question. Rhetorical Question 2 In the context, Simba asks Nala if the place is great. Simba does not actually require an answer from Nala as he has assumed himself that the place is nice. He actually provided wants to get agreement from Nala that the place is nice. Later on, Nala agrees with Simba regarding the question. Therefore, it shows that the rhetorical question is powerful in convincing somebody to agree with it. Interrogative Question 3 Nala questions Simba why he never went back to Pride Rock.And Simba states his reasons. This is another common form of interrogative question where information is required for the purpose of asking the question. Interrogative Question 4 Leading question Accord ing to the conversation, Simba asks a question in which he wants to make up his mistake to his father and he kind of directs Mufasa to answer in the way that Mufasa has already forgiven him. In Critical Thinking, a leading question is a question to guide someone to answer in a certain way or in the way that you want. Most of the time, a leading question is framed to be a yes-or-no question.So when Mufasa answers Right. , it means that Simba has succeeded in acquire his fathers forgiving. pic pic pic pic pic Mufasa Oh, theres more to being king than getting your way all the time. Mufasa starts back go across the rock Simba Awed Theres more? Zazu Flying down Oh, just look at you two. Little seeds of romance blossoming in the savannah. Your parents will be thrilled He lands in front of them what with your being bespoken and all. Simba Be-what? Zazu Betrothed. Intended. Affianced. Nala Meaning? (Continued)Zazu As though holding on to his coat lapels One day you two are going to be m arried Simba Yuck Nala Ewww Mufasa A kings time as ruler rises and falls like the sun. One day Simba, the sun will set on my time here- and will rise with you as the crude king. Simba And thisll all be mine? Mufasa Everything. Simba Everything the light touches Mufasa Yes, Simba, but let me explain. When we die, our bodies become the grass. And the antelope eat the grass. And so we are all connected in the great Circle of Life. Mufasa Continue You could have been killed.You deliberately disobeyed me. And whats worse,- you put Nala in danger Scar Lifes not fair, is it? You see I well, I shall never be King. exhale thinly And you shall never see the light of another day. Banzai Yeah. Man, I hate lions. Shenzi So pushy. Banzai And hairy. Shenzi And stinky. Banzai And man are they Shenzi and Banzai Uuug-LEE They laugh. (continued) (2521) Scar From his perch we saw in the Hyena cut across Oh, surely we lions are not all that bad. Banzai Ohh. relieved from the surprise Oh Scar, its j ust you. Scar Simba. .. What have you done? (3699) Simba Jumps back, crying There were wildebeest and he tried to save me It was an accident, I I didnt mean for it to happen. Scar Embracing Simba, yet still distant Of course, of course, you didnt. No one ever means pulls Simba closer. Simba hides his face on Scars foreleg for these things to happen. But the king is dead. looking with mock regret at Simba And if it werent for you, hed still be alive. Simba is crushed, believing his guilt. Another thought occurs to Scar. Oh What will your mother think? 3729) Simba Sniffing What am I gonna do? (3733) Scar Run away, Simba. Run. Run away, and never return. Simba Isnt this a great place? (5901) Nala It is stunning. But I dont understand something. Youve been alive all this time. Why didnt you come back to Pride Rock? (5910) Simba Climbing into a hammock of hanging vines Well, I just needed to get out on my own. Live my own life. And I did. And its great He sounds almost as if trying to convince himself as well as Nala. Simba Were pals, right? (2432) Mufasa Gentle laugh Right.